[1] Balaji A, Kute SL, Sreenivasulu T, Giles R. Piston Durability Analysis including Side-Thrust Loads. SAE Technical Paper; 2020 Jan 24. doi: 10.4271/2019-32-0585
[2] Chen Z, Li J, Liao J, Shi F. Stress and fatigue analysis of engine pistons using thermo-mechanical model. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology. 2019 Sep;33(9):4199-207. doi: 10.1007/s12206-019-0815-y
[3] Dagar N, Sharma R, Rinawa ML, Gupta S, Chaudhary V, Gupta P. Design and analysis of piston using aluminum alloy and composites in Solidworks and Ansys. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2022 Jan 1;67:784-91. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2022.07.318
[4] Venkatachalam G, Kumaravel A. Experimental investigations on the failure of diesel engine piston. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2019 Jan 1;16:1196-203. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2019.05.214
[5] Ferguson CR, Kirkpatrick AT. Internal combustion engines: applied thermosciences. John Wiley & Sons; 2015 Jul 1.
[6] Ghorbanian J, Ahmadi M. Experimental thermal analysis of cylinder block and head of a bi-fuel turbocharged engine. Meccanica. 2012 Nov;47(8):1987-2004. doi: 10.1007/s11012-012-9569-7
[7] Najafi M, Dastani H, Abedini M, Pirani S. Stress analysis and fatigue life assessment of a piston in an upgraded engine. Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention. 2019 Apr 15;19(2):402-11. doi: 10.1007/s11668-019-00583-4
[8] Liu Y, Li C, Jiang W, Yuan Y, Guo Z, Shi J. Optimization of thermal stress on the top surface of a particle-reinforced composite coated piston based on Kriging model. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering. 2025 May 1;69:106061. doi: 10.1016/j.csite.2025.106061
[9] Yan J, Tong Q, Zhang W, Yuan Y, Jin S, Guo Z, Zhang H, Yu Y, Cao Z. Research on accelerated thermal fatigue testing and life prediction of Al-Si alloy pistons under start-stop cycles. International Journal of Fatigue. 2025 Feb 1;191:108677. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2024.108677
[10] Ashouri H. Fatigue life assessment for an aluminum alloy piston using stress gradient approach described in the FKM method. Journal of Solid Mechanics. 2022 Mar 30;14(1):57-66. doi: 10.22034/jsm.2021.1898031.1582
[11] Ashouri H. Improving High Cycle Fatigue Life in A Gasoline Engine Piston using Oil Gallery with Considering Stress Gradient. International Journal of Advanced Design & Manufacturing Technology. 2021 Dec 1;14(4).
[12] Xiong P, Liu S, Li Z, Deng L, Guo J, Shi L, Zhang J, Qiao X. A new accelerated thermal fatigue experiment method of pistons and its application. Engineering Failure Analysis. 2024 Sep 1;163:108599. doi: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2024.108599
[13] Wang G, Sun W, Chen L, Gao Y, Deng L, Xiong P, Zhang J. The wearing failure mechanism and optimization of diesel engine piston pinhole with copper bushing under ultra-high cylinder pressure. Engineering Failure Analysis. 2025 Mar 15;170:109288. doi: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109288
[14] Ashouri H. Effect of residual stress on high cycle fatigue life of coated piston. Amirkabir Journal of Mechanical Engineering. 2025 Feb 19;56(12):1691-708. doi: 10.22060/mej.2025.23823.7817
[15] Ashouri H, Afshari A. Effect of oil gallery on the piston thermo-mechanical stresses. Journal of New Applied and Computational Findings in Mechanical Systems. 2023;3(3):1-4.
[16] Liu Y, Lei J, Chen J, Wang D, Yang H, Song G, Hou Q, Zhao H. A study on the co-optimization design method of diesel engine in-cylinder combustion performance and steel piston heat transfer characteristics: A new pit array combustion chamber structure. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2025 Feb 15;261:125112. doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.125112
[17] Wang B, Wang D, Lei J, Deng X, Liu Y, Yang H. Study on low-cycle fatigue life of diesel engine piston considering oil cooling gallery structure. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2025 Apr 1;264:125382. doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.125382
[18] Liu Y, Jing G, Liu H, Zhang W, Han M, Xiao S, Zhang Z. Failure analysis and design improvements of steel piston for a high-power marine diesel engine. Engineering Failure Analysis. 2022 Dec 1;142:106825. doi: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2022.106825
[19] Tan LG, Li GL, Tao C, Feng PF. Study on fatigue life prediction of thermal barrier coatings for high-power engine pistons. Engineering Failure Analysis. 2022 Aug 1;138:106335. doi: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2022.106335
[20] Gai S, Zhao J. Simulation and experimental investigation on fatigue resistance of the forged steel piston in high-duty engine. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance. 2023 Apr;32(7):3202-14. doi: 10.1007/s11665-022-07316-z
[21] Muthusamy J, Panithasan MS, Venkadesan G, Mariappan M. Computational and experimental analysis of yttria stabilized zirconia thermal barrier coated pistons: Impact on temperature distribution, microstructure, CRDI engine performance, emissions, and energy balance. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2025 May 15;267:125731. doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.125731
[22] Apaydin S, Doner N. Effects of piston cooling gallery geometry on temperature and flow in a heavy-duty diesel engine. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress. 2024 Jun 1;51:102644. doi: 10.1016/j.tsep.2024.102644
[23] Ali SH, Ahmed YG, Ali AS. 3D Design and Analyses of an IC Engine Piston under Fatigue Test Conditions Using CNTs for the Next-Generation of Motorcycles. SAE Technical Paper; 2025 Apr 1. doi: 10.4271/2025-01-8359
[24] Caldera M, Massone JM, Martinez RA. Failure analysis of a damaged direct injection diesel engine piston. Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention. 2017 Oct;17(5):979-88. doi: 10.1007/s11668-017-0327-y
[25] Deng X, Lei J, Wen J, Wen Z, Shen L. Numerical investigation on the oscillating flow and uneven heat transfer processes of the cooling oil inside a piston gallery. Applied thermal engineering. 2017 Nov 5;126:139-50. doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.07.146
[26] Niu D, Zhang J, Xiong P, Hao G, Liu S, Guo W. High temperature fatigue and oxidation characteristics of forged steel piston materials. Engineering Failure Analysis. 2019 Mar 1;97:220-6. doi: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2019.01.014
[27] Soni AK, Godara SS, Gade R, Brenia V, Shekhawat RS, Saxena KK, Prasad R. Modelling and thermal analysis for automobile piston using ANSYS. International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing (IJIDeM). 2023 Oct;17(5):2473-87. doi: 10.1007/s12008-022-01042-5
[28] Wang W, Lu Y, Li Z, Li H. Simulations of engine knock flow field and wave-induced fatigue of a downsized gasoline engine. International Journal of Engine Research. 2021 Feb;22(2):554-68. doi: 10.1177/1468087419859791
[29] Yao Z, Qian Z. Thermal analysis of nano ceramic coated piston used in natural gas engine. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2018 Nov 5;768:441-50. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.07.278
[30] Golbakhshi H, Namjoo M, Dowlati M, Khoshnam F. Evaluating the coupled thermo-mechanical stresses for an aluminum alloy piston used in a gasoline engine XU7. The Journal of Engine Research. 2016 Apr 10;42(42):33-42.
[31] Pandian SG, Rengarajan SP, Babu TP, Natarajan V, Kanagasabesan H. Thermal and Structural Analysis of Functionally Graded NiCrAlY/YSZ/Al₂O₃ Coated Piston. SAE International Journal of Materials and Manufacturing. 2015 May 1;8(2):578-85. doi: 10.4271/2015-01-9081
[32] Ashouri H, Ashouri R, Afshari A. Investigation of the effect of CNG fuel on the piston temperature of the M13 engine. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Modern Research in Electrical, Computer, Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering in Iran and Islamic World; 2025; Tehran, Iran.
[33] Wilson CE, Sadler JP. Kinematics and dynamics of machinery. Pearson; 2014.
[34] Fatemi A, Fuchs HO, Stephens RI, Stephens RR. Metal fatigue in engineering. A wiley-interscience Publication. 2001.
[35] Silva FS. Fatigue on engine pistons–A compendium of case studies. Engineering failure analysis. 2006 Apr 1;13(3):480-92. doi: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2004.12.023