تحقیقات موتور

تحقیقات موتور

بررسی گرانروی نانوروانکار ترکیبی CuO–ZnO برای کاربرد در موتورهای احتراق داخلی با رویکرد دینامیک مولکولی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشکده مهندسی خودرو، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران
2 دانشکده مهندسی مکانیک، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران
چکیده
روانکارها نقشی حیاتی در بهینه‌سازی عملکرد موتورهای احتراق داخلی دارند. استفاده از نانوذرات، بویژه نانوروانکارهای ترکیبی، راهبردی نوین برای بهبود خواص آن‌هاست. اغلب مطالعات پیشین بر پایه روش‌های تجربی انجام شده که هزینه‌بر بوده و در پیش‌بینی کامل رفتار سامانه‌های ترکیبی محدودیت دارند. در این پژوهش، گرانروی روغن موتور پایه 20W50 حاوی نانوذرات ترکیبی اکسید روی و اکسید مس (ZnO–CuO) با نسبت برابر با استفاده از شبیه‌سازی دینامیک مولکولی و روش‌های تجربی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نمونه‌های نانوروانکار با غلظت‌های 0.25، 0.5 و 0.75 درصد وزنی در دماهای 27، 40، 50 و 100 درجه سانتی‌گراد آماده‌سازی و ارزیابی شدند. پایداری نمونه‌ها از طریق اندازه‌گیری پتانسیل زتا و مشاهده چشمی تأیید شد. بیشینه انحراف بین نتایج شبیه‌سازی و تجربی حدود 9.8 درصد بود که دقت مناسب شبیه‌سازی را نشان می‌دهد. تحلیل آماری داده‌های تجربی با استفاده از آزمون‌های ANOVA و t-test نیز اثر معنی‌دار دما و غلظت بر گرانروی را تأیید کرد (p < 0.05). نتایج نشان داد که افزایش دما گرانروی را کاهش و افزایش غلظت آن را افزایش می‌دهد. همچنین مقایسه با نانوروانکار حاوی تنها ZnO نشان داد که افزودن CuO موجب کاهش چشمگیر گرانروی، بویژه در دماهای بالا (حدود 13 تا 16 درصد در 100 درجه سانتی‌گراد) می‌شود. این کاهش گرانروی، عملکرد نانوروانکار ترکیبی را در دماهای کاری موتور نسبت به افزودنی‌های تجاری رایج مانند MoS₂ و Al₂O₃ نیز مطلوب‌تر نشان می‌دهد که می‌تواند به کاهش تلفات اصطکاکی و بهبود بازده موتور کمک کند.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Investigation of the viscosity of CuO–ZnO hybrid nanolubricant for application in internal combustion engines with a MD approach

نویسندگان English

Mohamad Bashiri 1
Ali Qasemian 1
Mohammad Hassan Shojaeefard 2
1 School of Automotive Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
2 School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Lubricants are essential for the efficient operation of internal-combustion engines. Dispersing nanoparticles—especially hybrid nano-additives—offers a new route to upgrade lubricant performance. Earlier work has relied almost exclusively on experiments, an approach that is expensive and often unable to predict the full behaviour of hybrid systems. Here, we combine molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations with bench tests to examine the viscosity of a 20W-50 engine oil containing a 50:50 mixture of ZnO and CuO nanoparticles. Samples were prepared at 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 wt % and characterised at 27, 40, 50 and 100 °C. Stability was verified by zeta-potential measurements and visual inspection. The largest discrepancy between simulated and measured viscosities was 9.8 %, confirming that the MD model is reliable. ANOVA and t-test analyses showed that both temperature and concentration exert statistically significant effects on viscosity (p < 0.05). As expected, raising the temperature lowers the viscosity, whereas increasing the nanoparticle loading raises it. Compared with an oil containing only ZnO, the hybrid formulation gives a markedly lower viscosity—by 13–16 % at 100 °C—demonstrating its advantage under realistic engine conditions. The reduction surpasses those reported for conventional additives such as MoS₂ and Al₂O₃ and indicates the potential for lower friction and improved engine efficiency.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Molecular Dynamic Simulation
Experimental Investigation
Nano Particle
Viscosity
Hybrid Nano-lubricant
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